适用的IIS版本：IIS 7.0, IIS 7.5, IIS 8.0

适用的Windows版本：Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Server 2012

1、应用程序池（Application Pool）的设置： 

• General->Queue Length设置为65535（队列长度所支持的最大值）
• Process Model->Idle Time-out设置为0（不让应用程序池因为没有请求而回收）
• Recycling->Regular Time Interval设置为0（禁用应用程序池定期自动回收）

2、.Net Framework相关设置

a) 在machine.config中将

<processModel autoConfig="true" />

改为

<processModel enable="true" requestQueueLimit="100000"/>

（保存后该设置立即生效）

b) 打开C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\Config\Browsers\Default.browser，找到<defaultBrowser id=”Wml” parentID=”Default” >，注释<capabilities>部分，然后运行在命令行中运行aspnet_regbrowsers -i。

<defaultBrowser id="Wml" parentID="Default" >
    <identification>
        <header name="Accept" match="text/vnd\.wap\.wml|text/hdml" />
        <header name="Accept" nonMatch="application/xhtml\+xml; profile|application/vnd\.wap\.xhtml\+xml" />
    </identification>
<!--
    <capabilities>
        <capability name="preferredRenderingMime"              value="text/vnd.wap.wml" />
        <capability name="preferredRenderingType"              value="wml11" />
    </capabilities>
-->
</defaultBrowser>

以解决text/vnd.wap.wml问题。

3、IIS的applicationHost.config设置

设置命令：

c:\windows\system32\inetsrv\appcmd.exe set config /section:serverRuntime /appConcurrentRequestLimit:100000

设置结果：

<serverRuntime appConcurrentRequestLimit="100000" />

（保存后该设置立即生效）

4、http.sys的设置

注册表设置命令1（将最大连接数设置为10万）：

reg add HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\HTTP\Parameters /v MaxConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 100000

注册表设置命令2（解决Bad Request – Request Too Long问题）：

reg add HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\services\HTTP\Parameters /v MaxFieldLength /t REG_DWORD /d 32768
reg add HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\services\HTTP\Parameters /v MaxRequestBytes /t REG_DWORD /d 32768

(需要在命令行运行 net stop http  & net start http & iisreset 使设置生效)

5、针对负载均衡场景的设置

在Url Rewrite Module中增加如下的规则：

<rewrite>
    <allowedServerVariables>
        <add name="REMOTE_ADDR" />
    </allowedServerVariables>
    <globalRules>
        <rule name="HTTP_X_Forwarded_For-to-REMOTE_ADDR" enabled="true">
            <match url=".*" />
            <serverVariables>
                <set name="REMOTE_ADDR" value="{HTTP_X_Forwarded_For}" />
            </serverVariables>
            <action type="None" />
            <conditions>
                <add input="{HTTP_X_Forwarded_For}" pattern="^$" negate="true" />
            </conditions>
        </rule>
    </globalRules>
</rewrite>

相关博文：迁入阿里云后遇到的Request.UserHostAddress记录IP地址问题

注意事项：添加该URL重写规则会造成IIS内核模式缓存不工作，详见微软的坑：Url重写竟然会引起IIS内核模式缓存不工作。

6、 设置Cache-Control为public

在web.config中添加如下配置：

<configuration>
    <system.webServer>
        <staticContent>
            <clientCache cacheControlCustom="public" />
        </staticContent>
    </system.webServer>
</configuration>

7、ASP.NET线程设置

在machine.config的<processModel>中添加如下设置：

<processModel enable="true" maxWorkerThreads="100" maxIoThreads="100" minWorkerThreads="50" minIoThreads="50"/>

from：http://www.cnblogs.com/dudu/archive/2013/06/08/iis_webserver_settings.html

Introduction

ApplicationHost.config is the root file of the configuration system when you are using IIS 7 and above. It includes definitions of all sites, applications, virtual directories and application pools, as well as global defaults for the web server settings (similar to machine.config and the root web.config for .NET Framework settings).

It is also special in that it is the only IIS configuration file available when the web server is installed (however, users can still add web.config files if they want to). It includes a special section (called configSections) for registering all IIS and Windows Activation System (WAS) sections (machine.config has the same concept for .NET Framework sections). It has definitions for locking-down most IIS sections to the global level, so that by default they cannot be overridden by lower-level web.config files in the hierarchy.

The location of the file is currently in the system32\inetsrv directory, but this is expected to change after beta2 to system32\inetsrv\config. This document walks through all the sections, in the order they appear in the file, and explains them one by one. The most complex section is system.webServer, so it is recommended for the reader to not skip reading the description for that section in particular.

Note the following:

1. This document specifies the content of each configuration section, as appears in applicationHost.config. By design, many of the sections are empty or not complete (only some of their content appears in the XML). The rest of the values are taken from the schema defaults. This is done to avoid too much information and cluttering of the file, and in order to keep it reasonably readable.

For full schema reference, including default values for all properties in every section, their valid ranges, etc., refer to %windir%\system32\inetsrv\config\schema\IIS_Schema.xml (for IIS settings), or ASPNET_Schema.xml (for ASP.NET settings), or FX_Schema.xml (for other .NET Framework settings).

For convenience, chunks of these files are included in this document in the appropriate sections so the reader can understand which properties are available, what the default values are, etc., for each section. See the additional note below about how to read schema information.

2. Make a backup of the file before making any changes to it.

This document contains:

• How To Read Config Schema
• Section Schema
• Attribute Schema
• Element Schema
• Collection Schema
• Enum Schema
• Flags Schema
• Attribute Validation
• XML Header
• <configSections> Section
• Schema
• Locking

How to Read Config Schema

As noted above, this document contains snippets of schema information for each section, so the reader can discover what properties are available and what their default values and valid ranges are. The snippets are taken directly from the configuration schema file for IIS settings: %windir%\system32\inetsrv\config\schema\IIS_Schema.xml. This section explains how to read schema information.

The schema for each configuration section is defined in a XML element. There is no schema definition for section groups. The following format is used here to explain how to read the schema:

<attribute-name>="<default-value>"  [<metadata>] [<description>]

<attribute-name> is the name of the configuration attribute, as appears in XML. Every attribute must have a name.

<default-value> is the value used by default, if no other value is specified in the XML for the attribute. Not all attributes have default values (for example, site name). In this case, the syntax will be “”.

<metadata> contains several items:

• The runtime type of the attribute. This is one of “bool”, “enum”, “flags”, “int”, “int64”, “String”, “timeSpan”. Every attribute must have a type.
• “bool” is “true” or “false”.
• “enum” is a set of possible values, where only one of them can be set for the attribute. Every such value has a numerical value and a friendly name. The syntax is using the character “|” as a delimiter between the friendly names: value1|value2|…|valueN.
• “flags” is similar to “enum”, except that combinations of values are allowed. Therefore the numerical values should be in multiples of 2, so they can be ORed together to form combinations. The syntax is identical to “enum”: value1|value2|…|valueN.
• “int” is a 32 bit integer.
• “int64” is a 64 bit integer.
• “String” is a character string.
• “timeSpan” is a representation of a time unit, similar to the managed-code type TimeSpan. It can be persisted as a number (representing seconds, or minutes); or as a formatted string in the form of “[dd:]hh:mm:ss”. The “[dd:]” element represents an optional number of days. The other elements represent numbers of hours, minutes and seconds, respectively. The “timeSpanFormat” attribute specifies which format should be used: number of seconds, number of minutes, or a formatted string.
• Required attributes are marked “Required”. It means that a value for them must be set in the XML. For example, site name is a required attribute (every site must have a name in IIS 7.0 and above).

<description> is a short description of the attribute.

Section Schema

The <sectionSchema> XML element is the base unit of schema information. All other schema information is specified within it. It has one attribute directly in it (“name”), and then the rest of the schema is in sub-elements within it:

<sectionSchema name=””  <!– [String, Required] [XML full path of the section] –> > 
    <!– sub-elements here describing rest of schema; –> 
    <!– their description is right below in the doc. –>  
</sectionSchema>

Attribute Schema

Every attribute is defined in a corresponding <attribute> XML element in the schema. The <attribute> element may be in the <sectionSchema> element directly (if the attribute is in the section scope); or in the element (if the attribute is in a sub-element within the section); or in the <collection> element (if the attribute is in a collection within the section).

An attribute schema must specify a name and a runtime type for the attribute. It may mark the attribute as required. It may mark the attribute as the unique key (if inside a collection), or as part of a collection key (together with other attributes). It may specify a default value for the attribute. It may mark the attribute for automatic encryption on-disk. It may specify if the word “Infinite” is allowed as a value for the attribute (only for numeric types such as int and in64, and for timeSpan). It may specify the timespan format (seconds, minutes or formatted string) for timespan attributes. It may specify validation rules for the attributes (see Attribute Validation section below in this document).

<attribute 
    name=""  [String, Required] [XML name of the attribute] 
    type=""  [bool|enum|flags|int|int64|string|timeSpan, Required][Runtime type] 
    required="false"  [bool] [Indicates if must be set] 
    isUniqueKey="false"    [bool] [Serves as the collection key] 
    isCombinedKey="false"  [bool] [Part of a multi-attribute key] 
    defaultValue=""  [String] [Default value or comma-delimited flags] 
    encrypted="false"  [bool] [Indicates if value persisted encrypted] 
    allowInfinite="false"  [bool] [Indicates if "Infinite" can be set] 
    timeSpanFormat="string" [string|seconds|minutes] [hh:mm:ss or number] 
    validationType=""       [See validation below] 
    validationParameter=""  [See validation below] 
/>

Element Schema

Every element is defined in a corresponding <element> XML element in the schema. Elements can be nested. An element is simply a container for other attributes, or sub-elements. It must have a name and it may serve as a container of default values for collection elements (for example, siteDefaults holds the default values for sites in the <sites> collection).

Collection Schema

Every collection is defined in a corresponding <collection> XML element in the schema. Collections contain multiple elements, which can be added and removed from them individually. Typically the collection directive names are “add”, “remove” and “clear”, but some collections use different names for clarity (for example, the collection is using “site” instead of “add”).

This is done by specifying values for addElement, removeElement and clearElement in the collection schema. If a collection directive is missing from the schema, the collection will not support it. The collection schema may specify the name of a default element that will be used as a container of default values for collection elements (this complements isCollectionDefault in the element schema).

For example, the collection is using siteDefaults as the default element. Most collections append elements as they merge configuration files down the namespace, but some may specify mergeAppend=”false” in the schema to have a prepend behavior. For example, consider two levels of configuration: applicationHost.config and web.config in a site. In applicationHost.config:

<myCollection> 
    <add value=”1″/>  
</myCollection>In web.config:

<myCollection> 

    <add value="2" />         
</myCollection>

If the collection appends, its merged (effective) configuration at the site level will be:

<myCollection> 

    <add value="1"/> 

    <add value="2"/>     
</myCollection>

However, if it prepends, it will be:

<myCollection> 

    <add value="2"/> 

    <add value="1"/>     
</myCollection>

Some collections may allow duplicate entries by specifying allowDuplicates=”true” in their schema. This is mostly done to support legacy collections in the .NET framework (in machine.config).

Some collections may allow additional attributes in them, beyond those specified in the schema. This is done by specifying allowUnrecognizedAttributes=”true” in their schema. It is mostly done to support provider-based collections in the .NET framework.

<collection             
    addElement=””     [String] [Name of Add directive, if supported] 
    removeElement=””  [String] [Name of Remove directive, if supported] 
    clearElement=””   [String] [Name of Clear directive, if supported] 
    defaultElement=”” [applicationDefaults|applicationPoolDefaults|siteDefaults|virtualDirectoryDefaults] [See isCollectionDefault] 
    mergeAppend=”true”  [bool] [Indicates whether or not deepest set values are appended]   
    allowDuplicates=”false”  [bool] [Indicates if multiple elements may have the same keys] 
    allowUnrecognizedAttributes=”false”  [bool] [Indicates if non-schema attributes ok] 
/>

Enum Schema

Every attribute of type “enum” must define its enum values in a corresponding <enum> XML element in the schema. Every value must have a friendly name and a numerical value.

<enum name=””  [String, Required] [Friendly name of the enum] 
    value=”” [int, Required] [Numeric value] 
/>

Flags Schema

Every attribute of type “flags” must define its flag values in a corresponding XML element in the schema. Every flag must have a friendly name and a numerical value that can be ORed together with other values to form combinations; therefore, the value should be in multiples of 2.

<flags             
    name=””  [String, Required] [Friendly name of the flag] 
    value=”” [int in power of 2, Required] [Numeric value] 
/>

Attribute Validation

Attribute validation is done when parsing the XML to get a section from the file, and when calling the configuration API to set values. If validation fails, it fails the desired operation (getting the section or setting the invalid value).

Each attribute may associate one validator for its value. This is done by specifying the appropriate validator name in the validationType, and additional parameters in the validationParameter in the attribute schema.

The system supports these validators:

ApplicationPoolName validator

This validator fails on these characters: |<>&\”validationType=”applicationPoolName” validationParameter=””

IntegerRange validator

This validator fails if value is outside [inside] range, in integers.validationType=”integerRange” 
validationParameter=”<minimum>,<maximum>[,exclude]”

NonEmptyString validator

This validator fails if string value is set.validationType=”nonEmptyString” 
validationParameter=””

SiteName validator

This validator fails on these characters: /\.?validationType=”siteName” 
validationParameter=””

TimeSpanRange validator

This validator fails if value is outside [inside] range, in seconds.validationType=”timeSpanRange” 
validationParameter=”<minimum>,<maximum>,<granularity>[,exclude]”

TrimWhiteSpace validator

This validator fails if white space is set at start or end of value.validationType=”trimWhiteSpaceString” 
validationParameter=””

XML Header

Every configuration file is an XML file and may optionally include the following line as the first line:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

In addition, it must include all its content within an XML <configuration> tags:

<configuration> 

   <!-- [All of the context goes here] --> 

</configuration>

ApplicationHost.config includes the above lines in it. The rest of this document walks throughthe rest of the sections in the file.

<configSections> Section

This is the very first section in the file. It contains a list of all other sections in the file. This is the point of registration for the sections (for example, to unregister a section from the system, remove its line from this section – no need to remove its schema file from the config\schema directory).

Note that other configuration files may have a section as well, at the very top of the file. This may be useful to register sections at levels lower than the global level. These sections will be registered for that scope of the namespace only. Web.config files can only add sections to the system; they cannot redefine sections that were registered in parent levels, and they cannot remove (unregister) sections.

The sections are structured by their hierarchy of containing section groups. Each section registration specifies the section name; the managed-code type of the section handler (this has no meaning in this file and will get removed after beta2 – it is used only by System.Configuration, so it will still exist in machine.config and web.config files); the allowDefinition level, if differs from the default; and the overrideModeDefault (this attribute is used to lockdown most IIS sections in this file).

Note: Section is the basic unit of deployment, registration, locking, searching and containment of configuration settings. Every section belongs to one section group (“immediate parent”). Section group is a container of logically-related sections, and is used solely for purposes of structured hierarchy. No operations can be done on section groups. Section groups cannot have configuration settings directly (the settings belong to sections). Section groups may be nested; section cannot.

Schema

<section 
    name=""  [Required, Collection Key] [XML name of the section] 
    allowDefinition="Everywhere" [MachineOnly|MachineToApplication|Everywhere] [Level where it can be set] 
    overrideModeDefault="Allow"  [Allow|Deny] [Default delegation mode] 
/>

Locking

Most IIS sections are locked down by default, using overrideModeDefault=”Deny” in the section. The recommended way to unlock sections is by using tags, as follows:

<location path="Default Web Site" overrideMode="Allow" > 
  <system.webServer> 
    <asp/> 
  </system.webServer>             
</location>

The above location tag unlocks the section for the default web site only. To unlock it for all sites, specify this in applicationHost.config:

<location path="." overrideMode="Allow"> 
    <system.webServer> 
         <asp/> 
    </system.webServer> 
</location>

Note: path=”.” and path=”” have the same effect. They refer to the current level in the hierarchy.

from:http://www.iis.net/learn/get-started/planning-your-iis-architecture/introduction-to-applicationhostconfig

前言

这不是一篇描述asp.net生命周期的文章，仅仅是关于IIS操作的。在我们开始之前，先了解这些会有助于对全文的理解，同时欢迎反馈和建议。

什么是Web Server?

每当我们通过VS运行ASP.NET网站时，VS集成的ASP.NET引擎会响应各种请求，这个引擎的名字叫“WebDev.WebServer.exe”。

当我们配置一个Web程序时，总会涉及到一个词“Web Server”，它的功能便是会响应所有请求。

什么是IIS？

IIS（Internet Information Server）是微软Web Server的一种，用来配置ASP.NET站点。IIS拥有自己的ASP.NET处理引擎来处理请求，因此，当一个请求到达时，IIS接收并处理请求，然后返回内容。

请求处理过程

现在，你应能搞清楚Web Server和IIS的区别。现在我们来看一下核心部分。在继续之前，你需要搞清两个概念：

1、工作进程（Worker Process）

2、应用程序池（Application Pool）

工作进程：在IIS中，工作进程（w3wp.exe）运行着ASP.NET应用程序，管理并响应所有的请求，ASP.NET所有的功能都运行在工作进程下，当请求到来时，工作进程会生成Request和Response相关的信息。简而言之，工作进程就是ASP.NET程序的心脏。

应用程序池：应用程序池是工作进程的容器，通常用来隔开不同配置的工作进程。当一个程序出错或进程资源回收时，其他池中的程序不会受到影响。

注：当一个应用程序池包含多个工作进程时，被叫做“Web Garden”。

如果我们看一下IIS 6.0的结构，就会发现，可以把它分成两部分：

1、内核模块（Kernel Mode）

2、用户模块（User Mode）

内核模式是从IIS 6.0被引入的，它包含了一个叫HTTP.SYS的文件，每当请求进来时，会首先触发该文件的响应。

HTTP.SYS文件负责把请求传入相应的应用程序池中。但HTTP.SYS如何知道应传给哪个应用程序池呢？当然不是随机抽取，每当创建一个应用程序池，该池的ID就会生成并在HTTP.SYS文件中注册，因此该文件才能确定将请求往哪传。

以上便是IIS处理请求的第一步。接着，我们来看一下请求如何从HTTP.SYS传入应用程序池。

在IIS的用户模块中，通过Web Admin Services (WAS)从HTTP.SYS接收请求，并传入相应的应用程序池中。

当应用程序池接收到请求，会接着传给工作进程（w3wp.exe）,该进程检查来请求的URL后缀以确定加载哪个ISAPI扩展。ASP.NET加载时会附带自己的ISAPI扩展（aspnet_isapi.dll），以便在IIS中映射。

注意：如果先安装了asp.net，然后再安装IIS，就需要通过aspnet_regiis命令来注册ASP.NET中的ISAPI扩展。

一旦工作进程加载了aspnet_isapi.dll,就会构造一个HttpRuntime类，该类是应用程序的入口，通过ProcessRequest方法处理请求。

一旦这个方法被调用，一个HttpContext的实例就产生了。可通过HTTPContent.Current获取到这个实例，且该实例会在整个生命周期中存活，我们通过它可以获取到一些常用对象，如Request，Response，Session 等。

之后HttpRuntime会通过HttpApplicationFactory类加载一个HttpApplication对象。每一次请求都要穿过一堆HttpModule到达HttpHandler，以便被响应。而这些HttpModule就被配置在HttpApplication中。

有一个概念叫“Http管道”，被叫做管道是因为它包含了一系列的HttpModule，这些HttpModule拦截请求并将其导向相应的HttpHandler。我们也可自定义HttpModule，以便在请求响应之间做点特别的处理。

HttpHandler是“Http管道”的终点。所有请求穿过HttpModule需抵达相应的HttpHandler，然后HttpHandler根据请求资源，产生并输出内容。也正因此，我们请求任何aspx页面才会得到响应的Html内容。

结语

每当请求Web服务器上的某些信息时，该请求首先会到达Http.SYS,然后Http.SYS将其发送到相应的应用程序池，应用程序池传给工作进程并加载ISAPI扩展，然后HttpRuntime对象会被创建，并通过HttpModule和HttpHandler处理请求。

最后，ASP.NET页面生命周期就开始了。

这只是大致描述IIS处理过程的文章，如果你想进一步了解相应细节，请点击下面链接来进一步学习。

A low-level Look at the ASP.NET Architecture

IIS Architecture
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